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FCL NEWSLETTER -- April, 2001

Power, Politics, and Pollution -- Conservation, and new energy sources
Good electric energy policy -- Views of science writer Karen Street
Make an Impact on Energy Issues -- Seven good measures
Open Letter to Governor Davis and California State Legislators
Energy Crisis: finding fault vs. Working Together -- opinion by John Mackinney
Electric Charges -- Impact on the State's Budget
Bills of Interest -- Penal and mental health issues
Joe Volk speaks at annual dinner May 1 -- If all Politics is Personal What Are You Personally Doing About Politics?
The Draft and the Driver's License: Round Two -- AB 1572 (Briggs)
Legislative Issues Briefing -- April 25 Lobby Day in Sacramento
Energy Resources -- selected information sources
Whatever Happened To?
Articles in Prior Newsletters

Power, Politics and Pollution

[FCL N/L: 4/01]

For decades the California dream has included cheap and abundant electricity for all. Now, with uncertain supply and escalating bills, the pressure is on to add to the state's generating capacity while at the same time not significantly increasing air, water, and visual pollution.

Some say that can be done in the short run with a few hastily-built peaker plants and in the long run by converting as much of the system as possible to current state-of-the-art low emissions natural gas technology. Others say that the answer is to reduce the demand through conservation and to add to the supply only through ‘clean' methods such as wind and solar.

WEAKENING REGULATIONS

The new administration in Washington made its views clear in March. According to the San Francisco Chronicle, Interior Secretary Spencer Abraham told the U.S. Chamber of Commerce that "supplies of everything from oil and natural gas to coal and nuclear power are not keeping up with demand because of regulatory restrictions, including closing federal lands in the West and Alaska oil drilling, and restraints on building pipelines, transmission lines, oil refineries and power plants. Abraham ran through a raft of statistics to make his points: that 40 percent of potential natural gas resources are closed to exploration; electricity demand will rise by 45 percent over the next 25 years, requiring 1,300 new power plants; and that U.S. reliance on foreign oil is at 54 percent, up from 36 percent during the 1973 Arab oil embargo."

Implicitly, some California regulators and the governor's office agree with Abraham, at least when it comes to power plants. Regional air quality agencies are considering easing pollution restrictions. In exchange, plants would pay fees that would be used to reduce pollution through other programs. The rules also would require the plants to install additional pollution-control equipment within two or three years. Under an executive order by Governor Gray Davis, the state Air Resources Board would ease the restrictions if the regional districts did not.

Environmental groups such as Communities for a Better Environment, the Coalition for Clean Air and the Natural Resources Defense Council are among those who have objected to one or more of the proposed rules. "It allows the power plants to pollute as much as they want as long as they pay money into a fund," said Gail Ruderman Feuer, senior counsel for the Natural Resources Defense Council, to the Riverside Press Enterprise. "The problem is, the fund lets you pollute today without knowing how much you are reducing in the future."

Also, under reported terms of agreements between the Davis administration and some power producers, the state may be obligated to cover pollution fines. According to The Los Angeles Times, "In the summer, when demand for power is highest, some generators probably will exceed pollution limits set by regional air quality management districts. To avert blackouts, state officials might ask the companies to keep plants running. In such cases, some sources familiar with aspects of the contracts said, the contract language could be interpreted to suggest that the state would cover any fines," although Governor Davis has denied that would be the case. Even with tight environmental regulations in place, there's no guarantee that the rules will be enforced. Research released on March 16 by the Environmental Law and Justice Clinic at Golden Gate University in San Francisco uncovered a backlog of 1275 unresolved citations from the Bay Area Air Quality Management District. A few days later, the federal Environmental Protection Agency ruled that the San Francisco Bay Area must redraw its plans to clean up the air because they failed to protect public health from smog.

PUBLIC HEALTH

According to the American Lung Association, smog and other pollution generated by fuel combustion in power plants and other sources can create a range of health problems ranging from respiratory irritation to asthma attack, chronically reduced lung function, worsening of lung diseases and premature death.

Smog, says the Lung Association, will reach dangerous levels in the summer months, just as peak electricity demands are experienced. Children are affected for life by air pollution in their early years; the death rate for childhood asthma, which is exacerbated by air pollution, increased by 75% between 1980 and 1993.

ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE

Meanwhile, citrus pickers and their families, who live near Blythe and fear a proposed power plant will pollute drinking water and cost them their jobs, drove more than 600 miles from eastern Riverside County to picket the offices of the California Energy Commission. Caithness Energy of New York City wants to build the $250 million generating plant on farmland and stressed that it has agreed to fix nearby residents' water wells if they are impaired by three 550-foot-deep wells it plans to drill.

On March 22, the California Energy Commission approved the proposed plant in Mesa Verde, a low- income, predominantly Hispanic community two miles away. "We will challenge it to the end," said Carmela Garnica, 44, of Blythe, who runs a child-care center for migrant workers who live in Mesa Verde. The Blythe case is just one of many examples of the environmental justice issues that are arising as the state explores ways to deal with its energy crisis. Other low- income communities have also been struggling to make sure that they are not overburdened with the detrimental effects of creating new energy output.

In South Gate, the mayor and vice mayor went on a hunger strike to protest the siting of a power plant in their community. In Pittsburg, already home to six power plants, and with two under construction, the president of CAP-IT (Community Abatement of Pollution-Industrial Toxins), an eastern Contra Costa County environmental education group says, "unfair burden is the phrase that comes to mind. This is an environmental justice issue."

ARE NEW PLANTS THE ANSWER?

There is much to be said for building new power plants. California's natural gas plants are on the average over 30 years old, inefficient, and prone to breaking down if not run with a delicate hand and plenty of off-time for maintenance.

New plants not only add capacity, they generate power more cheaply and cleanly than the aging plants that account for most of the state's electricity supply. But building new plants requires juggling the urgent need for more juice and the downsides of huge industrial sites: air and water pollution, visual blight, and health and safety issues.

From 1991-95, the Natural Resources Defense Council and some other environmental groups supported efforts by the California Energy Commission (CEC) and other state agencies to add another 1,400 megawatts of renewable energy and highly efficient gas-fired plants. However, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission invalidated the power purchase contracts that would have been needed to secure financing. Since April 1999, almost 6,300 megawatts of new plants (equivalent to some 13% of California's peak needs today) have received CEC siting approval, and more than 7,000 megawatts more are poised to follow.

After these last few years when uncertainty over deregulation stalled development of power plants, there is now feverish activity to construct new facilities. Nine major new California plants are in the works and should be online in the next two to three years. Collectively they will pump out enough for more than six million households. Power generators have proposed another 15 plants, which are now under review by regulators.

Most of these proposed plants are in or near low-income communities. According to available research, low- income and minority communities already bear the brunt of environmental degradation. It would be unfair to ask them to take on more. Ken Larsen

Good electric energy policy

  • provides enough energy for today and tomorrow
  • researches efficiency, new energy sources, and distribution, and includes mecha-nisms to implement that research
  • holds down future energy costs as well as today's
  • reduces pollution and its economic, social, and environmental costs with tough environmental regulations and enforcement
  • concerns itself with national and international obligations, so that the Western states don't pollute the Eastern states, the U.S. doesnÕt pollute Canada, and all states reduce their contribution to climate change
  • shifts away from fossil fuels. (Climate change will increase costs for clean water, air conditioning, disaster mitigation, etc., in the lifetime of the power plants built today. Tax carbon production and high energy use to generate funds to help shift to non-carbon fuel sources, and to pay the costs of society over the next few decades as we prepare for and deal with a changing environment)
  • creates public interest campaigns to change behavior: high energy-use behavior includes lights on in the daytime, roses in winter, and consuming lots of aluminum foil (whose manufacture is very energy intensive) uses the expertise of scientists and economists knowledgeable about energy policy

    Questions:

  • Are these problems solved better by deregulation than by regulated production?
  • Will the new power providers invest more in efficiency, solar, and wind than PG&E and Southern California Edison, because they have a long-term investment in the state and the solutions?
  • Will power plants with high capital costs and lower fuel and environmental costs be able to hold their own against natural gas power with its smaller capital costs and higher fuel costs?

    Only if the answers are generally "yes" can deregulation sometimes work.
    The answers are generally no.

    Karen Street (science writer and member of Berkeley Friends Meeting, Karen addresses deregulation in more detail on her Web-page.)

    Make an Impact on Energy Issues!

    Your legislators' votes and Governor Davis’s signature will determine whether or not the almost 200 energy measures currently before the legislature are enacted into law. Here are some suggestions for letters you can write. Please use these for guidance only. The governor and legislators respond best to letters that are not ‘mass-produced.'

    Dear Assembly Member; Senator; Governor (all at "State Capitol, Sacra-mento, CA 95814"):

    Three of the best ways to address our energy crisis are to save energy, to get more clean renewable power online in California, and to make sure that the health and safety of all Californians is protected. By doing so, we can save consumers money, take pressure off our overloaded energy grid, stabilize power prices and supply, clean up our air and protect public health. Please make energy conservation, renewable energy, and fair treatment of low-income energy consumers your priorities in the coming weeks.

    Please support these seven bills:
    SBX1 17 (Jim Brulte, R., Rancho Cucamonga), which provides a tax credit for the use of solar and wind systems.
    ABX1 83 (Fred Keeley, D., Boulder Creek), which gives medium-sized businesses the incentive to produce renewable power and sell it back into the energy grid.
    ABX1 38 (Hannah Beth-Jackson, D., Santa Barbara), which gives renewable energy power plants of one megawatt or more a boost by providing state-backed loan guarantees.
    SBX1 2 (Richard Alarc—n, D., Sylmar), which will increase the low-income energy assistance discount to 30% and expand eligibility to 200% of poverty level.
    SBX1 5 (Byron Sher, D., Palo Alto), which takes immediate steps to promote major conservation efforts in the state, allocating over $1 billion for existing efficiency and conservation programs through a variety of agencies.
    SBX1 2 (Nell Soto, D., Pomona) and > ABX1 3 (Rod Wright, D., Los Angeles), which expand CARE, the current low-income energy assistance outreach program.

    Please ensure these bills become law as soon as possible, for a clean, affordable and fair energy future.

    Sincerely,
    [your name, address, phone]

    - adapted from materials supplied by California Council of Churches and California Public Interest Research Group

    Open Letter to Governor Davis and California State Legislators

    In March, FCL joined with other individuals and organizations from a wide range of beliefs to sign on to the following letter.

    We, the undersigned, write to urge you to adopt the following three key principles in your efforts to solve CaliforniaÕs energy crisis. By incorporating these principles, we can conserve and preserve our environment as we develop a long-term, sustainable energy future for California.

    1. Conservation and energy efficiency must be the centerpiece of any plan

    In the faith community, respecting the natural world means not mistreating it by irresponsibly taking more than we need. Living in community and caring for our neighbors means conserving energy and using it efficiently so that others may have sufficient energy, at a reasonable cost, to meet their basic needs. The faith community is prepared to help with this effort by conserving energy at our places of worship and by distributing information to help congregants conserve at home.

    Energy conservation is also the fastest, cheapest, and cleanest solution to California's energy woes. This energy source is a vast reservoir that we can tap into immediately. Cutting back on the energy we use by only two or three percent would mean no more Stage 3 alerts and no more rolling blackouts. Conservation should be the centerpiece of any short-term or long-term energy plan.

    We urge a commitment at the state level to conserve at least one kilowatt for every new kilowatt of power generation that is built.

    2. Clean renewable power is the long-term solution

    The faith community has been working through various programs, such as Episcopal Power and Light, and now the newly formed California Interfaith Power and Light program, sponsored by the California Council of Churches, to support clean, renewable power in the state. We believe the state should make an aggressive effort to develop new renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar power. The current crisis offers us the opportunity to retool our economy to be much more energy efficient and cleanly powered, while cutting greenhouse gases and air pollution.

    We must remember that the new power plants we build this year will be with us for decades to come, impacting future generations. We must build only the cleanest new plants. It doesnÕt take any longer to build clean plants than dirty ones. At the very least, we should match, kilowatt for kilowatt, any new fossil fuel-based power plants with an equivalent amount of new solar, wind, and other renewable generation.

    3. We must not sacrifice the environment or the health of our families

    As the energy crisis has reached an acute level, some are arguing that we need to weaken air quality and other environmental protections in order to get more power on line quickly. However, there is no evidence that clean air standards or the stateÕs recently streamlined power plant siting procedures are the problem. We should not be forced to choose between clean air and reliable electricity. We cannot let an energy crisis become an environmental crisis.

    Energy production is the nation's number one source of toxic air pollution, and that pollution disproportionately affects the poor and minority communities who live near power plants. We cannot support sacrificing their health for increased generation capacity. With all the clean technologies available to us today, pitting public health protections against increased energy supply is a false choice, and must be rejected.

    Finally, we urge you to protect low-income consumers from rate increases that may result from this energy crisis. This can be done simply through a tiered rate system that both encourages conservation and shields low-income consumers, and by targeted rebates for energy efficiency appliances and home retrofits to low-income families.

    By relying on the three principles above, California can solve our energy shortage while at the same time protecting our precious natural environment and the health of our most vulnerable citizens. Thank you for considering our views in this important matter.

    If you would like to be added to the signatories to this letter, please contact Ken Larsen, FCL, (916) 443-3734 or fclleg@cwo.com.

    Energy Crisis: finding fault vs. working together

    Let me get this straight. Some things are provable:
    1) Most gamblers go broke.
    2) Commodity spot markets are like gambling only harder.
    3) While taking advantage of a new commodity market in energy, six companies nearly tripled their annual profits from $1.6 billion in 1999 to $4.7 billion in 2000.
    4) Both Republicans and Democrats in Sacramento eagerly put California into this market while Wilson was governor.
    5) Retail energy prices are going up drastically no matter what else happens.
    6) Few politicians are also good at economics.
    7) Generating plants bring down residential property values in their neighborhoods.
    8) To be part of our economy takes electricity.
    9) If we don't work together, the crisis will get worse.

    Other things are matters of opinion, like what to do now that we are firmly in the quicksand, but let's not waste time arguing about whose fault it is while we are sinking - OK? I personally will give up making jokes about Texas if the Dallas people keep the laughter down on their way to the bank. |

    John Mackinney
    (member of Berkeley Friends Meeting
    and the FCL Executive Committee)

    ELECTRIC CHARGES

    Billions of dollars in electricity purchases, rate increases that will drain money from the economy and a crumbled stock market are shriveling California's state budget.

    A raft of one-time spending items are at risk: $250 million in aid to cities and counties, $100 million to clean up beaches, $100 million to replace higher-polluting diesel engines, $40 million in library improvements at state universities.

    The Senate has already cut $1.9 billion from the $102 billion spending plan sent to them by Governor Gray Davis in January.

    Davis's budget expected the fiscal year to end with $5.8 billion in reserve. Some $3.7 billion in electricity purchases have cut that reserve to $2.1 billion with another $1 billion in energy buys authorized just for April.

    That has led the legislative analyst to recommend that lawmakers take no action on $2.3 billion in one-time spending proposed by the governor.

    One-fifth of the state's general fund revenue comes from capital gains and stock options. That won't be happening next April.

    In January, Davis predicted state taxes paid on capital gains and stock option income would be 10 percent less next year. And projections now are that it will be even less.

    Last year, the state estimated that $84 billion in stock option income was generated in California. Of that, just seven high- tech companies created half of the income. Cisco Systems alone represented nearly 10 percent of the $84 billion. Since November, the Nasdaq has lost 45.5 percent of its value, a huge hit for California, the center of the dot-com high-tech universe.

    The state is tearing through $50 million a day to buy power for the cash-poor utilities, with authorization for $4.7 billion in purchases. The economic effect of the energy mess is longer- term. How much will blackouts hurt productivity? Will businesses expand in California or somewhere else with a more reliable supply of energy?

    excerpted from the
    San Francisco Chronicle, April 2, 2001

    (Go to remainder of April Newsletter)

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